-
1 ÆÐRI
i. e. œðri, compar. higher, superl. œztr, highest (spelt eozt, Rb. 1812. 51; the mod. spelling is æðstr); it has no positive: [this word is the same as the Goth. auhuma, auhumists, h and þ being interchanged; the usages in the Icel. N. T., when compared with the Goth., shew the identity of the words beyond doubt, e. g. æðstu prestar, Matth. xxvi. 59; sá æðsti prestr, 63; þeim æðstu prestum, xxvii. 3; þeir æðstu prestar, 6, 20: with which cp. ahumists gudja in Ulf.: þess árs æðsti prestr, John xviii. 15 (where Ulf. ‘ahumists’ weiha)]:—higher, highest:I. in a local sense; uppi ok niðri leitaða ek æðra vegar up and down I sought for the higher road, Sól. 52; á bekk annan þann er æðri var, Ld. 294,—in the old halls the two sets of benches were technically called the æðri, the higher, and the ú-æðri, th e lower; as also æðra öndvegi and ú-æðra öndvegi, the upper and lower high-seat, passim: þeir náðu uppgöngu ok urðu æðri, higher, Fms. x. 412; ef leysings leysingr verðr veginn, ok á inn æðri (the former, Germ. jener) þar sök ok bætr, Grág. ii. 71; in all other places used,2. metaph. higher in rank or dignity; heilagir englar, aðrir eru öðrum œðri, ok öfundar engi annan, Greg. 37; œðri tign, Eluc. 12; œðri kraptr, Sks. 25; tólf hofgoðar vóru œztir, Hkr. i. 6; askr Ygdrasils hann er œztr viða, Gm. 44; biskupa allra er páfi œztr, 415. 5; þeim sveini er œztr væri, Heiðrekr segir, Haralds son vera œztan, Fas. i. 526; œztr ok mest virðr, Fms. i. 247; fyrstr eðr êdzstr (sic), Sti, 278, v. l.; hit œzta hof í Gautlandi, Fms. x. 252; inni æztu Guðs þjónustu, K. Á. 36; þar er œzt kirkja Benedikti, Symb. 25: the word is still in freq. use both in speech and in writing, see the references above from the Icel. N. T. -
2 œðri
a. compar. higher;1) in a local sense;uppi ok niðri leitaða ek œðra vegar, up and down I sought for the higher road;œðra öndvegi, œðri bekkr, the upper high-seat, higher bench, opp. to úœðra öndvegi, úœðri bekkr, the lower high-seat or bench;2) fig. higher in rank or dignity. -
3 EFRI
(older form øfri), a. compar.,bera efra skjöld, to gain the victory;verða e-m efri, to be superior to;hit efra,a) high above ground (fara hit efra í trjám sem apynjur eða íkornar);b) the upper or inland road, opp. to ‘hit ytra’, along the shore (sumir fóru hit efra til Þríhyrningshálsa);by land, opp. to the sea;c) of the inner part of a building, opposed to ‘hit fremra’ or the part nearest the door (konungr settist í hásæti ok alskipat var hit efra ok hit fremra);2) latter;þetta var inn efra hlut sumars, towards the end of summer;á efra aldri, advanced in years.* * *compar.; EFSTR, superl.; older form öfri, Hkv. 2. 36, Ó. H. ch. 248 (in a verse), Greg. 42, N. G. L. i. 10, 384, Íb. 5, Hom. 116; öfstr, Fms. x. 394, 686 C. 2, Ls. 50, 51, Hbl. 18, Edda 115, 116 (Gl.); compar. and superl. without the positive [as Lat. superior, supremus, Gr. ὑπέρτερος], but formed from the root syllable ‘of-,’ cp. ofar, yfir; very old MSS. therefore mostly spell with ö, a vowel change of o; the mod. form, as well as that of most MSS., is with e, efri, efstr, Am. 50, Og. 23:I. the upper, higher; the phrase, bera efra skjöld, to carry the higher shield, i. e. carry the day, Fms. x. 394 (MS. æfra): opp. to neðri = upper, at Mosfelli enu öfra, Íb. 5: the adverb, phrase ‘it efra’ denoting the upper or inland road, opp. to the shore; allt hit efra suðr, Eg. 58; sumir fóru it efra til Þríhyrnings-hálsa, Nj. 207; hit efra um Upplönd, Fms. i. 22: by land, opp. to the sea, Hkr. ii. 8: of the inner part of a building, opp. to fremri or the part nearest the door, Eg. 43: in the air, opp. to the earth, Sks. 115: superl. efstr, the hindermost, e. liðr, the hindermost joint, 623. 32: neut. efst as adv. highest up, uppermost, efst á stólpanum, 655 xxv. 2.β. metaph. superior, better; er öllum öfri er, Greg. 43.II. the latter, last part:1. temp., á efra aldri, in the decline of life, Eg. 4; inn öfri, the latter, opp. to fyrri, N. G. L. i. 342; efri hluti sumars, in the decline of summer, Eg. 712; Ólafs-messa hin öfri (= síðari), the latter (i. e. second) day of St. Olave (viz. Aug. 3), opp. to Ólafs-messa fyrri (July 29), N. G. L. i. 10; efsti dómr, the last judgment, Stj. 58; öfsti dómr, id., 686 l. c.; efsta vika, the last week of Lent = the Passion week, Orkn. 386, Mar. 78; öfsti dagr Paska, the last day in Easter, N. G. L. i. 348; efsta bæn, the last prayer, 623. 50; þeim gef ek erni efstum bráðir, Fas. i. 429 (in a verse); efsta sinni, for the last time, 227; þó vér ritim hana öfri en aðrar, Hom. 116.2. loc., where aptari and aptastr or eptri and eptstr are the common words; fyrstr and efstr are opposed, foremost and last, in a rank, Ls. l. c.; sá fyrstr er efstr gekk inn, Grág. i. 32. -
4 önd-vegi
and önd-ugi, n. [from and- ( opposite) and vegr]:—an ‘opposite-seat,’ high-seat, so called because two seats are placed opposite to one another; in ancient timbered halls the benches were placed longways, running along the walls of the halls (sec bekkr), with the two seats of honour in the middle facing one another; the northern bench facing the sun, was called öndvegi it æðra, the higher or first high-seat, the opposite or southern bench being it úæðra, the lower or second high-seat; the two high-seats were the most honoured places in the hall, and a chief guest used to be placed in the southern high-seat. In England the master and mistress sitting opposite one another at each end of the table may be a remnant of this old Scandinavian custom. The sides of the high-seat were ornamented with uprights (öndugis-súlur) carved with figures, such as a head of Thor or the like; these posts were regarded with religious reverence; many of the settlers of Iceland are said to have taken the high-seat posts with them, and when near Iceland to have thrown them over-board to drift ashore, and where they found them, there they took up their abode. When a man of rank died, the son, after all rites performed, solemnly seated himself in his father’s seat, as a token of succession: in Vd. ch. 23, the sons sat not in the father’s seat before they had avenged his death.B. References in illustration of this: Þorgerðr sat á tali við Þorstein bróður sinn í öndvegi, Ísl. ii. 200; var þeim Illuga ok sonum hans skipat í öndvegi, en þeim brúðguma á annat öndvegi gegnt Illuga, konur sátu a palli, 250; Guðmundr sat í öndvegi, en Þórir Helgason gagnvart honum, en konur sátu á palli, brúðr sat á miðjan pall, etc., Lv. 37; á hinn úæðra bekk gagnvert öndugi mínu (better, ‘útar frá öndnginu,’ v. l.), Nj. 129; þat var forn siðr í Noregi ok svá í Danmörk ok Svíþjóðu, at konungs hásæti var á miðjan langbekk í veizlustofum, sat þar dróttning til vinstri handar konungi, var þat kallat konungs öndvegi …, annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall, etc., Fms. vi. 439; af öllum hirðmönnum virði konungr mest skáld sín, þeir skipuðu annat öndvegi, Eg. 24; konungr tekr blíðliga við Hjálmari, ok skipar í öndvegi gegnt sér, Fms. iii. 79; þér mun skipat á inn óæðra bekk gegnt öndugi Rúts, Nj. 32; reis hann þá upp or rekkju ok settisk í öndvegi, Eg. 644; eta at ölkrásim ok í öndugi at senda, Akv. 36; nú skal presti bjóða ok konu hans til erfis, sitja skal hann í andvegi ok kona hans í hjá honum, N. G. L. i. 404; hann gékk í höllina ok sá þar sitja í öndugi Baldr bróður sinn, Edda 38; jarl gékk inn í stofuna, var þar fjölmenni mikit, þar sat í öndugi maðr gamall … jarl settisk öðrum-megin gagnvart Þorgný, Ó. H. 66; hann sá mann mikinn ok vegligan í öndvegi, Glúm. 336; ef maðr verðr dauðr, þá skal arfi í öndvegi setjask, Js. 75; heim skal búanda stemna ok til húss fara … stemni hann honum inn til andvegis, N. G. L. i. 217, 219: the saying, eigi verðr öllum í öndvegi skipað, it is not for all to sit on the high-seat, cp. Horace’s non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum.COMPDS: öndugishöldr, öndvegissúla, öndvegissæti.
См. также в других словарях:
rank — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun 1 level of importance ADJECTIVE ▪ high, senior, superior, top, upper ▪ middle ▪ inferior, junior … Collocations dictionary
Rank-size distribution — or the rank size rule (or law) describes the remarkable regularity in many phenomena including the distribution of city sizes around the world, sizes of businesses, particle sizes (such as sand), lengths of rivers, frequencies of word usage,… … Wikipedia
Higher Attestation Commission — ( ru. Высшая аттестационная комиссия, abbreviated ru. ВАК, VAK) is a name of a national government agency in Russia, Ukraine and some other post Soviet states that oversees awarding of advanced academic degrees. Due to translation differences,… … Wikipedia
rank — rank1 [raŋk] n. [MFr renc < OFr ranc, renc: see RANGE] 1. a row, line, or series 2. an orderly arrangement 3. a social division or class; stratum of society [people from all ranks of life] 4. a high position in society; high degree; eminence … English World dictionary
Higher education in the United States — refers to a variety of institutions of higher education in the United States. Strong research and funding have helped make American colleges and universities among the world s most prestigious, which is particularly attractive to international… … Wikipedia
higher-up — ˌhigher ˈup noun [countable] informal someone who has a high rank in an organization; = high up Bre: • Restaurant managers have been known to fill in customer comment cards themselves just to impress their higher ups. * * * higher up UK US noun… … Financial and business terms
higher-ranking — adj. having a rank above that of another. Syn: ranking(prenominal), superior. [WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
higher-up — n informal someone who has a high rank in an organization ▪ Rumour has it that the higher ups want to push the schedule forward … Dictionary of contemporary English
higher-up — ☆ higher up [hī′ər up΄ ] n. Informal a person of higher rank or position … English World dictionary
higher-up — high er up , n. A superior officer or official; a person having greater rank or station or quality than others; used chiefly in pl. [Slang] Syn: superior, superordinate. [Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Rank insignia of the German armed forces — The ranks of the German armed forces, known collectively as the Bundeswehr, were set up by the President with the Anordnung des Bundespräsidenten über die Dienstgradbezeichnungen und die Uniform der Soldaten on the basis of section 4, paragraph 3 … Wikipedia
